Basics of Di-ammonium Phosphate Production
Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) is a salt of orthophosphoric acid.
It has the formula (NH4)2HPO4. When heated to 70°C, it decomposes actively, releasing ammonia (NH3). It is highly soluble in water.
Ammonium phosphates are mainly obtained by the reaction of ammonia and phosphoric acid. Di-ammonium phosphate...
Basics of Choosing Fluxes for Soldering/Brazing
Flux is a substance consisting of a mixture of various components, used to remove the upper layer of oxidized particles from a metal surface to ensure high-quality soldering/brazing.
Fluxes can be classified as follows:
By type of solvent: aqueous or non-aqueous.
By activity temperature...
Urea Grade A and Grade B for Agriculture
It is customary to divide different grades of Urea by field of use; for agriculture, Grade B is considered more suitable, while for industry Grade A is preferred.
In this article we will look at what exactly the difference is between these grades for agricultural application.
The main difference turns out...
Fluorine-Containing Raw Materials
Fluorine and its compounds are actively used in various industries.
Fluorine is the most active oxidizer in nature (even more so than oxygen). It forms compounds that react with metals and glass. It also has a property useful for industry — lowering the melting point not only of metals, but also of ceramic...
Ammonium bifluoride has the formula NH4(HF2), or written another way, NH4F*HF.
Ammonium bifluoride is a colorless crystalline substance that is highly soluble in water. Its crystal lattice is hexagonal. In the crystal, the NH4+ cation is surrounded by four HF2- anions, which form a tetrahedron.
Decomposition temperature: when heated above 238...
Hydrofluoric acid, also known as hydrogen fluoride, has the formula HF.
Externally, it looks like a colorless liquid. It has a sharp, specific odor and fumes in open air — the higher the concentration, the more actively it fumes.
At 70% concentration, the melting point is minus 75 degrees Celsius, and the boiling point is 85.8 degrees.
It...
Fatty acids are defined as aliphatic carboxylic acids.
If the number of carbon atoms is more than six, they are considered fatty, or higher, acids. The number of carbon atoms can be up to 24.
The overwhelming majority of higher acids in the composition of animals (and humans) contain an even number of carbon atoms (due to biosynthesis with...
Phosphoric acid, also called orthophosphoric acid, is used in the production of phosphorus fertilizers, feed additives, and in other industries.
Worldwide, the annual use of raw phosphate products exceeds 150 million tons. Of this, about 85% is used for fertilizer production.
General Information
It has the formula H3PO4, and at 15 degrees it...
Chemical corrosion of metals, in general terms, proceeds as diffusion of metal particles (ions or atoms) through a film formed by the corrosion products. This film grows larger over time. From the air (or another medium, for example, water), oxygen ions or atoms diffuse in the opposite direction.
At the first stage, adsorption of the oxidizer...
Ammonia and carbon dioxide are used as the starting raw materials for the production of Urea (carbamide).
Carbamide was first synthesized in 1870.
Urea Production Process
The process proceeds in two stages:
First, ammonium carbamate is obtained, described by the reaction:
2NH3 (gas) + CO2 (gas) = NH2COONH4 + 125.6 kJ
In the second stage, water...
