Cryolite grade KA-1 GOST 10561-80 Cryolite grade KA-1 GOST 10561-80
We are pleased to offer supply from the State Reserve of synthetic technical Cryolite grade KA-1 GOST 10561-80
manufactured by the Polevskoy Cryolite Plant.
Price...
SIBUR Modernized Glycol Production SIBUR Modernized Glycol Production
The SIBUR holding company completed a modernization of its production processes at its facilities in the Central region, reducing ethylene consumption in the...
Chemical Materials in Agriculture Chemical Materials in Agriculture:
Science does not stand still, and in agriculture new fertilizers are constantly being invented — formulations to improve the quality of grown produce,...
Paraffin for candle production.
Petroleum paraffins are divided into grades:
Food grade P2
Technical (grades T1 and T2)
Match grade NS
Food-grade paraffin P-2 is used for coating food products, fruit, etc., as well as for technical purposes. It is white in colour. It is packaged either as shavings in 20 kg bags or as whole pieces of 5-20...
Methods for processing ash waste from thermal power plants.
When thermal power plants (TPPs) operate, burning coal produces a large amount of ash and slag combustion residue. Such residues can be conditionally divided into heavy (slag) and volatile (fly ash). About 80% of the mineral component of coal turns into the volatile fraction, which is...
Cryolite grade KA-1 GOST 10561-80
We are pleased to offer supply from the State Reserve of synthetic technical Cryolite grade KA-1 GOST 10561-80
manufactured by the Polevskoy Cryolite Plant.
Price — 90 RUB per kg including VAT. Quantity limited!
Historical background:
The Polevskoy Cryolite Plant is located in Russia, in the Sverdlovsk region....
The first fluorine compound known to science was fluorspar (calcium fluoride) — mentioned at the end of the 15th century. At that time it was called “Fluor”, and the property known to science was its ability to lower the melting temperature. This property was extremely important for smelting ore and making glass. Of huge importance for the metallurgy of that time was lowering the smelting temperature and increasing the reaction rate.
Fluorine compounds
In the 17th century, fluorspar began to be used to apply images to glass surfaces — etching and engraving glass — for this, nitric acid is mixed with fluorspar, producing hydrofluoric acid, which is still used in the glass industry today.
Later it was established experimentally that not only nitric and sulfuric but also hydrochloric and orthophosphoric acid could be used to produce hydrofluoric acid. At the same time, elemental fluorine was discovered — its name, translated from Greek, means “destructive”. Hydrofluoric acid destroys metals, glass and many other materials, which is why it is stored in plastic containers.
Problems in obtaining fluorine
When attempting to isolate elemental fluorine, many scientists encountered the high toxicity of hydrofluoric acid and fluorine compounds, which led to a large number of accidents, including fatal ones. In the course of such experiments, fluoride compounds were obtained, for example anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and potassium bifluoride. It ultimately turned out that elemental fluorine is a gaseous substance, while liquid fluorine is now condensed using oxygen or liquid nitrogen.
Science now knows that the main problem in obtaining elemental fluorine is removing an electron from the fluoride ion. This can only be solved by using electric current. To this day, no fundamentally different production method has been found. Later, molten bifluorides began to be used for production, for example Ammonium bifluoride.
It was only in the 1940s that industrial production of fluorine was established under factory conditions. For this, electrolysers were used, which structurally consist of three elements — electrodes, a container with the electrolyte itself, and a fluorine collector. The production reactions can be described as follows:
Description of fluorine production
Transporting fluorine is a dangerous and quite expensive procedure, which is why many enterprises prefer to obtain it chemically on-site by themselves.
Today, a large number of fluoride compounds are used in industry, and our company supplies such compounds throughout Russia. Due to the increased hazard of fluorine compounds, we sell such materials only to legal entities.
