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What is a Flame Retardant?

A flame retardant is an additive (of organic origin) used to increase fire protection. Flame retardants slow down the combustion and ignition of a material through combustion-retarding substances (ammonium chlorides and phosphates, borax).

Fire protection is discussed in more detail here.

Examples of fire-protective materials include di-ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, and sodium fluoride.

Some Types and Particular Features:

The finished product is either coated or impregnated with a flame retardant, depending on the properties of the item (for example, wood is more often impregnated).
Protective formulations are now introduced into synthetic products at the manufacturing stage.
Flame retardants have already been developed for most materials used in construction and finishing. For example, there are even fire-protective treatments for polycarbonate.

For treating wood, complex-action formulations are produced, such as an antiseptic-flame-retardant combination. Such formulations are fire- and bio-protective mixtures of various components.

Flame Retardant Mechanism of Action:

When heated, the substance releases a stable compound that helps cool the surface of the material.
A “charred” layer of the material then forms, which prevents oxygen from coming into contact with the surface of the intact material, and also actively conducts heat deeper into the material. This prevents it from smoldering when exposed to heat.

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