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Overview Article: Ammonium Bifluoride We have prepared an overview article on the chemical properties of Ammonium bifluoride.
The article gives a general description of ammonium bifluoride from the standpoint of chemical reactivity. It...
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AMMONIUM BIFLUORIDE successfully replaces the traditional but hazardous and aggressive material — hydrofluoric acid. Using ammonium bifluoride instead of hydrofluoric acid significantly simplifies the glass processing process, makes it safer and less harmful, and also reduces your costs by 10-15%.
To determine the amount of ammonium bifluoride (ABF) that should be added to a solution instead of hydrofluoric acid, one should proceed from the fact that the effect of both substances is determined by their fluorine content. The mass fraction of total fluorine in a product can be calculated using the formula:
Mass fraction of Ftotal = A/B x (content of active substance)
where A is the molecular weight of fluorine in the product;
B is the total molecular weight of the product.
Thus, for ammonium bifluoride with an active substance content of 98%, the mass fraction of total fluorine will be: (38 / 57) x 98 = 65.33%.
For hydrofluoric acid with a concentration of 45%, this figure (Ftotal) is:
(19 / 20) x 45 = 42.75%
Based on this, it is easy to calculate how much ABF, by fluorine content, corresponds to an equivalent amount of hydrofluoric acid. When replacing hydrofluoric acid (45%) with ABF (98%), it turns out that 1.53 times less ammonium bifluoride is needed than hydrofluoric acid (65.33/42.75=1.53).
A frosted pattern on glass can be obtained chemically. To do this, the glass is coated with a thin layer of paraffin. A pre-prepared pattern is placed on the back of the glass, and the necessary areas are scratched into the paraffin against the light with the blunt end of a needle. The glass is then turned into a tray using plasticine, and etching solutions are poured in. Composition 1: Potassium fluoride — 8 parts, sulfuric acid — 1 part, water — 100. Sulfuric acid can be replaced with hydrochloric or acetic acid, in which case the amount of potassium fluoride must be increased to 18 parts by weight. After treatment with this solution, the glass becomes slightly frosted. A rougher frosted surface can be obtained using composition 2: ammonium fluoride — 100 parts, sulfuric acid — 20, ammonium sulfate — 100 parts, water — 100. (When using acidic ammonium fluoride, use 50-60 instead of 100).
The approximate etching time is 20-40 minutes, after which the etched areas are thoroughly rinsed. The paraffin is removed after the work is finished by heating it. When working with reagents, safety regulations must be strictly observed: the acid is poured into water in a thin stream while stirring the solution with a glass rod or tube, eyes are protected with goggles, and hands with rubber gloves. All work is carried out in a well-ventilated room.
Mixtures and pastes for etching, frosting and pattern application:
1. Composition No. 1
0.8 kg — NH4HF2 (ABF)
0.08 kg — NH4F (AF)
0.12 kg — Barium sulfate (BaSO4)
Mix the three salts.
0.4 L — hydrochloric acid (35% HCl). Dissolve the salts in the acid and let stand for 10-15 hours
Concentrated H2SO4 can be added
Degrease the glass before etching.
2. Composition No. 2
ABF (NH4HF2) — 160 g
BaSO4 — 200÷220 g
Water (H2O) — 200 ml
3. Frosting paste No. 1
ABF (NH4HF2) — 100 g
BaSO4 — 50 g
Water (H2O) — 120 ml
4. Frosting paste No. 2
ABF (NH4HF2) — 75 g
BaSO4 — 75 g
Water (H2O) — 100 ml
Note: ABF — ammonium bifluoride
Attention! The speed and quality of glass processing depends on the composition of the glass and the temperature of the working solution. The optimal processing mode and frosting mixture composition are determined experimentally.
The compositions are given for reference only, and we are not responsible for the safety and quality of the work you perform.
A general description of the use of ammonium bifluoride in industry can be found here.
