colorless liquid (sometimes with a yellowish tinge) with a characteristic pungent smell-free solids.
Ammonia is the most common nitrogen compound. It has the formula NH3. This is a colorless gas with a sharp, pungent odor, which has a high degree of toxicity. Therefore, when working with it, you need to use personal protective equipment. It is rarely used in its pure form. Most often an aqueous solution is used - Ammonia water, which significantly reduces aggressive properties.
Ammonia water is a solution of synthetic or coke chemical ammonia in water. It has the form of a transparent liquid, sometimes a yellowish hue. Has a sharp smell.
Ammonium water contains up to 30% ammonia, that is 24.6% nitrogen and 70% water. At a temperature below + 21,10 ° C does not increase the pressure, but with increasing temperature only slightly increases it. One liter of ammonia water weighs 888 g and contains 220 g of nitrogen.
Ammonia can evaporate from ammonia water.
Water ammonia causes corrosion of non-ferrous metals and their alloys, however, ferrous metals and cast iron are resistant to the action of aqueous ammonia.
Rubber is also not affected by water ammonia.
Explosive mixtures of ammonia vapors with air can form in closed volumes above aqueous solutions of ammonia.
Irritating to skin and mucous membranes.
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for chemically pure substances, as a reagent in analytical chemistry, medicine, agriculture, the manufacture of dyes, the light industry.
Aqueous ammonia analytical grade 25–27% is a solution of ammonia in water with a regulated mass fraction of the main substance. The designation “analytical grade” indicates the qualification “pure for analysis”, so the product is subject to requirements on impurity content, clarity, non-volatile residue, chlorides, iron, heavy metals and other indicators. When purchasing for an enterprise, it is important to check not only the concentration but also compliance with GOST, the quality certificate, production date, packaging and storage conditions of the specific batch.
Aqueous ammonia contains a volatile component, so if the container is not tightly closed, the concentration of the solution can gradually decrease, and a sharp smell of ammonia appears in the work area. This affects not only personnel safety but also the accuracy of dosing in the process. Canisters must remain tightly closed until the moment of use, and after the required volume is taken, the container is immediately resealed. During incoming inspection, attention is paid to packaging integrity, labelling and the absence of signs of leakage.
Analytical-grade aqueous ammonia is stored in tightly closed factory packaging, in a well-ventilated warehouse, away from heating, direct sunlight, acids and incompatible substances. The storage area must be organised to prevent damage to canisters, accidental access by unauthorised persons and the accumulation of vapours in the air. For a batch it is important to preserve the quality certificate, production date and labelling until transfer into production. The guaranteed shelf life is also taken into account during storage, because ammonia concentration is a key quality parameter.
When working with analytical-grade aqueous ammonia, personnel use safety goggles or a face shield, chemically resistant gloves, protective clothing and ventilation of the work area. Ammonia vapours have a sharp smell and irritate the respiratory tract, so decanting and dosing operations are carried out carefully, without splashing and with control of the air in the room. The product must not be mixed with acids and other incompatible substances outside the approved regulations. In case of a spill, the area is restricted, ventilation is provided, and action is taken according to the enterprise’s internal instructions.
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