slightly yellowish liquid, not flammable, a fire in the air much smoke, energetic oxidizer, in contact with many combustible substances causes them to spontaneous combustion. Toxic.
| Mass fraction of nitric acid (НNО3), %,at least | 70 |
| Mass fraction of NO2, %, max | 0,1 |
| Mass fraction of substances, %, max: | |
| Al, % | 8×10-6 |
| B, % | 5×10-6 |
| Fе, % | 8×10-6 |
| Si, % | 4×10-5 |
| Mn, % | 1×10-6 |
| Cu, % | 1×10-6 |
| As, % | 4×10-7 |
| Non-volatile substances, % | 3×10-4 |
| Ni, % | 1×10-6 |
| Sn, % | 5×10-6 |
| Рb, % | 2×10-6 |
| S04, % | 2×10-5 |
| Ag, % | 1×10-6 |
| Sb, % | 1×10-5 |
| Amounts of heavy metals, % | 1×10-5 |
| Ti, % | 1×10-6 |
| Р, % | 1×10-5 |
| Cl, % | 1×10-5 |
| Cr, % | 5×10-6 |
| Hg, % | 5×10-6 |
Nitric acid "extr.p." (HNO3) is a strong monobasic acid, one of the most important mineral acids. The substance has a sharp suffocating odor, sensitive to light and decomposes in bright light. Nitric acid is mixed with water in any proportions. In aqueous solutions, it almost completely dissociates into ions.
In nature, it is not found in the free state and occurs only in the form of nitrate salts (in the form of ammonium nitrate in air and rainwater, especially after thunderstorms, then as nitric acid in Chilean or Peruvian nitrate and potassium nitrate and calcium in the upper layers of arable land, walls of stables, in the lowlands of the Ganges and other rivers of India).
Nitric acid is obtained by decomposing sodium nitrate with concentrated sulfuric acid on heating.
It is easy to give oxygen to other bodies and is a strong oxidizer and solvent for many substances. And nitric acid in any concentration shows the properties of acid-oxidizer. However, with gold and platinum, nitric acid, even concentrated, does not interact, but is part of the so-called "royal vodka", which dissolves these metals.
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Nitric acid extra pure 18-4 is an extra-pure nitric acid with extended control of trace impurities. The “extra pure” labelling indicates elevated purity requirements, so when purchasing, attention is paid not only to the mass fraction of HNO₃ but also to the content of NO₂, aluminium, boron, iron, silicon, manganese, copper, arsenic, nickel, lead, sulfates, chlorides and other regulated components. For an enterprise, this specification matters where even small impurities can distort analysis results or compromise the precision of a process operation.
Nitric acid extra pure 18-4 differs from chemically pure grade by stricter control of trace impurities and a narrower focus on tasks requiring high reagent purity. Chemically pure grade also has a high quality level, but extra pure grade involves an extended list of regulated elements and more sensitive incoming inspection. Therefore, when purchasing, the grade cannot be chosen based on concentration alone: if the enterprise’s method or specification calls for extra pure 18-4, substitution with chemically pure grade may be unacceptable due to the risk of background contamination.
Nitric acid extra pure 18-4 is stored in tightly closed, chemically resistant containers, in a covered room without direct sunlight and separately from incompatible substances. For an extra-pure product it is important not only to exclude heating and contact with organic materials but also to preserve the cleanliness of the container, labelling and batch traceability. If returnable containers are used, their condition must be checked before acceptance to prevent contamination of the solution. Before transfer into use, the storage period, packaging integrity and compliance with the quality certificate are checked.
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