SIBUR Modernized Glycol Production SIBUR Modernized Glycol Production
The SIBUR holding company completed a modernization of its production processes at its facilities in the Central region, reducing ethylene consumption in the...
Chemical Materials in Agriculture Chemical Materials in Agriculture:
Science does not stand still, and in agriculture new fertilizers are constantly being invented — formulations to improve the quality of grown produce,...
Overview Article: Ammonium Bifluoride We have prepared an overview article on the chemical properties of Ammonium bifluoride.
The article gives a general description of ammonium bifluoride from the standpoint of chemical reactivity. It...
How to Increase the Fire Resistance of Materials?
Flame retardants are used to improve the fire resistance of materials.
Flame retardants are substances added to materials of organic origin to increase their fire-resistant properties. They slow down the combustion and ignition of the material.
The action of flame retardants is based on:
1. melting...
Classification of dangerous goods by hazard level (ADR hazard class) in Russia is based on GOST 19433-88 "Dangerous goods. Classification and labeling," introduced in 1990.
Classes of Dangerous Goods:
Class
Subclass
Name
1
explosive materials
1.1
explosives with a mass explosion hazard
1.2
explosives with no mass explosion...
Mineral Fertilizers
Everyone knows that various fertilizers, both mineral and organic, are introduced into soil to increase its fertility.
Today the market offers a huge variety of products for mineral soil enrichment. Science continually studies and invents new and new combinations of mineral components, such as potassium, phosphorus, ammonia,...
Wood exposed to the open sky undergoes active environmental impact. Factors such as wind, water, and ultraviolet radiation lead to darkening and aging.
Specialized products based on hydrogen peroxide, oxalic acid, and others are used for lightening.
It should be noted that oak items take on a greenish tint when bleaching is attempted with hydrogen peroxide.
Walnut, for example, takes on a pinkish tint.
The working formulation consists of:
1. Hydrogen peroxide with a concentration above 30% and liquid glass in a ratio of 10 to 4.
2. 37% peroxide and ammonia water in a ratio of 10 to 1. When mixed, a reaction occurs that releases foam (so it is better to combine the substances in a deep container) and actively generates oxygen. The foam is used for bleaching — it is applied to the desired area.
Before bleaching, rinse the item with warm water and brush it after it has dried.
Most effective for bleaching light-colored wood species.
The working formulation, depending on the desired intensity, is prepared with water at a ratio of 1.5-6 mL of Oxalic acid per 100 grams of water. After treatment, the solution is neutralized with soda ash (3g) and bleaching lime (15g) per 100 grams of water, and then rinsed with water.
Unlike hydrogen peroxide, oxalic acid bleaches oak well.
Bleaching is carried out by impregnation using an aqueous solution of urea with a concentration of 30-50%. For this, the wood is pre-soaked in water at a temperature of 90-100°C.
Other Products:
A solution of oxidized water with the addition of ammonia. Solution concentration — 15%. Ammonia is added until a strong odor appears.
A 30% peroxide solution with various amounts of Caustic soda.