SIBUR Modernized Glycol Production SIBUR Modernized Glycol Production
The SIBUR holding company completed a modernization of its production processes at its facilities in the Central region, reducing ethylene consumption in the...
Chemical Materials in Agriculture Chemical Materials in Agriculture:
Science does not stand still, and in agriculture new fertilizers are constantly being invented — formulations to improve the quality of grown produce,...
Overview Article: Ammonium Bifluoride We have prepared an overview article on the chemical properties of Ammonium bifluoride.
The article gives a general description of ammonium bifluoride from the standpoint of chemical reactivity. It...
How to Increase the Fire Resistance of Materials?
Flame retardants are used to improve the fire resistance of materials.
Flame retardants are substances added to materials of organic origin to increase their fire-resistant properties. They slow down the combustion and ignition of the material.
The action of flame retardants is based on:
1. melting...
Classification of dangerous goods by hazard level (ADR hazard class) in Russia is based on GOST 19433-88 "Dangerous goods. Classification and labeling," introduced in 1990.
Classes of Dangerous Goods:
Class
Subclass
Name
1
explosive materials
1.1
explosives with a mass explosion hazard
1.2
explosives with no mass explosion...
Mineral Fertilizers
Everyone knows that various fertilizers, both mineral and organic, are introduced into soil to increase its fertility.
Today the market offers a huge variety of products for mineral soil enrichment. Science continually studies and invents new and new combinations of mineral components, such as potassium, phosphorus, ammonia,...
An antiseptic is a chemical material that prevents wooden products from rotting.
Protective Functions of Antiseptics:
Protect against fungi,
Protect against external atmospheric exposure,
Be resistant to atmospheric influence (not leach out),
Not discolor the wood,
Be safe.
Mineral Antiseptics:
Sodium fluoride — the most widely used mineral antiseptic for wood protection. It leaches out easily with water, so a protective coating must be applied on top. It initiates metal corrosion (where present — nails, etc.). The formulations are toxic when applied.
Sodium fluorosilicate — poorly soluble in water. Used as part of coating pastes. Used together with Sodium fluoride.
Ammonium fluoride and ammonium bifluoride — used as an antiseptic at a concentration of 3-5%. More toxic compared to sodium fluoride, including to fungi that attack wood.
Zinc chloride — leaches out of wood material fairly easily. 3.5% solutions are used. More concentrated mixtures reduce the strength of the wood. It significantly increases electrical conductivity.
Antiseptics Can Also Include:
Borax — an antiseptic material that has proven effective against fungi and wood-boring pests. It is also a fire-retardant component.
Carbamide — used as a modifier in complex formulations. It is also a fire-retardant component.
Ammonia water — used as a solvent and to stabilize the antiseptic within the wood structure. It is also a corrosion inhibitor upon contact with metal.
Paraffin — used as an additional component to prevent moisture from penetrating the pores of the wood.